学的旅游管理有必要考研吗 - 知乎(学旅游管理是不是就废了)

gong2022 2024-03-22 20:07:17 0




摘要:  .css-dg64xe .filelinkcard{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background-color:rgba(248,248,250,0.88);b...

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no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}.css-jflero img.content_image[data-size="normal"],.css-jflero img.origin_image[data-size="normal"]{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-jflero img.content_image[data-size="small"],.css-jflero img.origin_image[data-size="small"]{width:320px;max-width:100%;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}青年旅游人才公益成长计划是由《新旅游》作者 @许义发起的针对全国旅游管理专业学生专业能力成长和职业技能提升的长期公益免费计划,通过线上学习+项目实践 助旅游业的年轻人早一点看见未来。
第01期成员招募已完成,报名02期或咨询具体内容请评论或私信。
我本科学的是旅游管理专业,到底要不要考研呢?不少旅游管理专业的小伙伴对这个问题都很迷茫和困惑。在我们青年旅游人才公益成长计划01期成员中,有一位旅游管理研究生二年级的在读学姐,让我们看看她是怎么说的吧~
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作为一名旅游管理研二在读学姐,每年都有学弟学妹问我旅游管理要不要考研?有人说旅游管理读研3年不如去行业打拼3年,实践出真知;有人说考研已是大势,是提升市场竞争力的好机会;也有人说旅游管理学生有必要读研,但建议跨考······那么旅游管理专业到底要不要考研?我们该如何思考这一问题?如果考研,要做好哪些心理准备?旅游管理专业考研方向及考研学校有哪些?

01
旅游管理要不要考研

对于这一问题,学姐建议大家从以下三个方面考虑:

1. 自己未来想要从事什么工作?

对于迫切需要工作或大致想清楚未来就业方向同学,根据就业方向决定要不要考研。一般来说导游/酒店/旅行社/景区/会展等重业绩并且相对偏服务性质的工作,学历价值发挥不太大,本科基本能够进入,决定你职业发展的因素中,学历可能只占很小部分,研究生学历带给你的收益有限。

若就业方向是旅游政府单位/高校/规划院/大型央企、国企等偏向学历要求的工作,建议考研。这些岗位,本科学历基本没有什么机会,或者说本科学历是会限制未来发展的,研究生学历更能得到机会和认可。

对于未想清楚自己要干什么的同学,建议考研。给自己3年缓冲的时间,提升自身认知,思考清楚未来方向。现如今,拥有更高学历背景,一定不是个太差的决定。

2.考研的成本和难度(金钱成本/3年的时间成本/3年的机会成本/考研对我难度有多大)。

(1)时间成本
一般大家从3月份备考,12月26、27号考试,前后将近9个多月备考。当其他同学实习、参加秋招、找工作、毕业旅行的时候,你要静心备考。当初试成绩公布时,若没能进复试或达到国家线,则需考虑二战或找工作,而那时其他同学工作基本敲定了。若进入复试,又面临复试备考与写毕业论文时间冲突。

(2)金钱成本
备考资料一般要通过网上或者目标院校学长学姐购买。若考研报班,需要一笔开支。有同学可能有租房子的需求,这也是一笔开支。

(3)机会成本
备考时,你可能错过大四上的校招。读研时,你还在学校徘徊,其他同学已踏入社会,在职场上摸爬滚打。研究生毕业后,你可能比别人起点薪水高,但在职场打拼三年的老同学,可能也混得不差。

(4)考研对我有多难
考研前,大家一定要客观衡量自己考研的难易程度。如果你学习基础和能力本身不错,能考上研,那就尽量考名校,你会得到更优质的资源,遇到更优秀的人。

如果你学习成绩一般,考研需要你投入很多,甚至可能中途放弃或者二战,那么建议早点认清自己,选择适合自己的学校或者赶紧关注工作,了解行业,努力混职场。

3.关注长期需求:我喜欢什么。

以上回答,是根据毕业后3-5年的发展来做判断的。如果长期来看,要想想自己喜欢什么,自己未来想有怎样的工作与生活。我们读书求学并不仅仅是为了取得学历文凭,不应该完全被功利性裹挟去做选择,应该是一种有目标的追求和成长,是发自内心的喜欢。

对于旅游管理专业,如果你有一种纯粹的喜欢,能够在兴趣的驱动下,激发自己对于科研的渴求,对于实践的尝试,即使面对各种挑战,也依然有豪情迎难而上,建议考研。

如果你想给未来留有更多可能,比如出国,比如换行,比如名校情结,比如现在还没想到的职业身份切换,那么现在给基础打深一点,是一件好事情,提高自己的可塑性和未来可能,建议考研。

当然,如果你本身就不喜欢科研或者大学时已经找到自己所爱之事,比如愿意去酒店历练成长为一名职业经理人,比如喜欢带团,去全国各地旅行,给他人提供旅行建议等,那就全力以赴做自己喜欢的事,有足够行业经验后再去读个专硕,也是一个非常棒的选择。

考研不是一拍脑袋的决定,也是不与他人攀比跟风的结果,旅游管理到底要不要考研?没有人能给出个标准答案,当你迷茫不知所措时,不妨想想以上三个问题的答案,得出个结论,给自己一个目标,然后,全力以赴!

02
考研要做好哪些心理准备

根据教育部数据显示,2022年全国考研报考人数457万,比2021年增加了近80万,相比2017年增加了256万,五年时间里人数翻了一倍。而2022年实际录取人数约110万,也就意味着有300多万人落榜。而考研人中,推免生、往届生(2022年考研中占比在55%-62%之间)比例也逐年上升。考研上岸难度或将进一步提升。建议考研同学做好以下心理准备:

1.考研,目标要更加明确一点!
考研,你需要有一个目标支撑你走完近9个月的枯燥备考之路。你要知道自己以后的方向,考研的方向,是否考本专业,本专业有哪些研究方向,哪些学校,哪些导师,需要考哪些科目;如果跨专业考研,你要了解跨考专业的考研要求,是否接收非本专业的考生,也知道跨专业考研难度在哪里?你该如何准备?你还要知道你心仪学校的基本情况,做到心理有数,最好要有自己的明确专业方向和明确学校,这样你准备起来就比较有目标性,目标决定越早越好。

2.考研,意志要更加坚定一点!
以2021年数据为例,2021年377万考研人过审,最终实际考试人数是332万,中途弃考就高达45万。为什么呢?因为很多人坚持不了多久就选择了退出。考研备考最根本的是持之以恒的意志力!考研不像高考,有老师家长督促同学们陪着,考研是一个人的战争。你需要自己收集考研信息,自己准备备考资料,自己制定考研计划,自己督促自己,自己笑,自己哭,自己承受考研压力。同时,你想要实现一个目标,就必须要舍弃掉一些其他的东西,拒绝掉很多的诱惑。所以,你选择考研,就要抛弃一些杂念,集中所有的力量去考研,专心致志的在这段时间里面只做这一件事情。

3.考研,流程要了解更多一点!
先明确自己的专业方向和目标院校,然后:
(1)通过查询相关院校招生简章、目录、录取资料,结合自身的发展考虑,选择合适的专业方向。
(2)联系考研目标院校的师兄、师姐,获取相关的备考资料和经验,做好复习规划。获取途径有: 、qq群、微博、知乎、小红书等经验贴;身边学长学姐老师人脉;考研辅导机构。
(3)合理安排时间,对公共课、专业课等做好相关时间规划,静心复习。
(4)9月份关注最新的招考简章,核实是否有变动。有变动则及时更换备考方向或更换院校。
(5)10月份正式报名、11月份现场确认。12月份参与考试,初试结束后可以尽快进行复试复习。
(6)录取当年3月份陆续开始复试、调剂。
(7)6月份开始各院校发放录取通知书。

4.考研,准备要更加充分一点!
考研需要一些准备工作:(1)你要充分了解你所报考专业的考试、复试要求,根据大纲提前做好准备工作,提早进入复习学习模式。(2)找出自己学科薄弱点,合理安排各学科时间。(3)寻找合适的考研地点,在学校还是在校外,你要看哪里的效率高选择去哪里,建议去学校图书馆,考研氛围重。(4)注意自己身体,养成合理作息时间,会大大提升学习效率。

03
旅游管理考研方向有哪些

有同学说,不想考旅游管理,有哪些专业可以跨考呢?学姐根据身边同学考研情况做了以下汇总,仅供参考。具体的专业目录,同学们可以去研招网专业库查看。
对旅游管理专业而言,能拉开初试成绩的一般取决于数三。如果你数学基础确实差,可以考虑不考数学类。


学姐身边很多选择跨考法律硕士、企业管理、工商管理、马克思主义、农业管理硕士的同学都“一战成硕”。最后,请跨考同学注意以下3点问题:

1.理清跨考限制,明确跨考专业是否需要专业基础。决定跨考之后,你一定要厘清专业限制。一些专业性很强专业是不接受跨考生的。其次,了解跨考专业是否需要专业基础,这不仅利于备考,而且能避免日后专业学习压力过大而难以适应。

2.合理规划。
首先,要考虑跨考专业与本专业的融合度。一般而言旅游管理跨考理工类相对困难,就考数学而言,理工类基本考数一或数二,比旅游管理考得数三难得多。跨考管理学大类或者不考数学的专业,上岸率或许更高一点。其次,要做好信息收集,提前备考,合理规划,尽快熟悉新专业的学科思维。

3.跨考难度跟上岸难度成正比。
考研难度一般划分为五个等级,其中“三跨”考生算是最辛苦的考研群体了,没有坚韧的毅力和强大的自信很难坚持成功,同学们跨考需慎重。


04
旅游管理考研学校有哪些

考研同学应该都听过“考研选择大于努力”。考研学校的选择是门技术活,大家要根据自身实力、备考情况、本科学校、考研学校档次、往年报录比、地区、专业设置方向等因素去考虑学校。下列是软科2021年旅游管理专业学校排名,为大家择校做个参考。
如果你实在不知道如何择校,学姐告诉你一个小窍门,考你往届学长学姐上岸的学校。一来,你有成功案例参考;二来,你有可靠的信息源,在信息获取方面就 他人一大步。


另外,本平台还收录了其它一些考研相关干货,希望对你有所 助:
旅游管理不考研究生是不是就完蛋了?
有哪些给旅游管理本科生的建议
旅游管理考研复试热点及问题总结!
旅游管理考研方向?
旅游管理专硕mta知多少?
如何加入“青年旅游人才公益成长计划”项目?
最后,如果你也和我一样对未来的一些校园、实习、人生、问题感到迷茫,欢迎在评论区留言,或者是私信我。这里是知乎“青年旅游人才成长计划”,每天更新专业职场干货、校园成长、考研升学,让旅游业年轻人更早看到未来!此外,我们有着强大的全媒体矩阵,你可以关注gzh“青年旅游人才成长计划”;xhs“青年旅游人才公益成长计划”,每天都有干货分享。如果您对这篇满意的话呢,随手点个赞吧,或是转发一下,让更多人看到。
另外,本周“青年旅游人才成长计划”社群也将建立起来,里面有很多旅游管理专业的优秀的学长学姐直播分享自己的亲身经历、学习成长的一些干货,包括mta考研攻略、旅游管理专业保研之路、论文科研攻略以及一些求职、实习、面试的经验,多多关注,感兴趣的同学可以加入进来了!!!真诚地和你分享这些干货,希望能 到你。


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